Aortic Regurgitation

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Dr.Sudan
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Aortic Regurgitation

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Associated clinical signs that accompany aortic regurgitation include:
  • Wide pulse pressure
  • Decrescendo early diastolic murmur (heard best while the patient is leaning forward on deep expiration)
  • Austin-Flint murmur (caused by the regurgitant flow causing vibration of the mitral apparatus)
  • Pulsus bisferiens; increased pulse pressure; visible, forceful, and bounding peripheral pulses (water hammer)
  • Corrigan's pulse - Quickly collapsing pulse
  • Musset's sign - Bobbing of the head
  • Quincke's sign - Capillary pulsations of the nail bed
  • Muller's sign - Pulsations of the uvula
  • Hill's sign - Systolic pressure in lower extremity greater than systolic pressure in upper extremity by at least 100 mmHg.
  • Traube's sign - Loud systolic sound over femoral arteries ('Pistol-shot' femorals)
  • Duroziez sign - Systolic-diastolic murmur produced by compression of femoral artery with a stethoscope.
Causes of acute aortic insufficiency
  • Rheumatic
  • Infective endocarditis
  • Ruptured sinus of Valsalva
  • Trauma, prosthetic valve surgery
  • Aortic dissection, laceration of the aorta

Causes of chronic aortic insufficiency
  • Rheumatic
  • Syphilis
  • Aortitis (that is, Takayasu disease)
  • Marfan's syndrome
  • Osteogenesis imperfecta
  • Bicuspid aortic valve, defect of the interventricular septum or sinus of Valsalva
  • Ankylosing spondylitis
  • Reiter's syndrome
  • Rheumatoid arthritis
  • Systemic lupus erythematosus
  • Hypertension
  • Infective endocarditis.
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